可能導致新生兒小腦症的茲卡病毒（Zika virus）於2016年在中南美洲以及加勒比海地區蔓延，當時里約奧運開幕在即，肉眼不可見，甚至不能被稱為生物的茲卡病毒，弄得人心惶惶。
茲卡病毒的危險性
隨著科技和交通的發展，世界儼然成為一個地球村，但在為人們帶來便利的同時，疾病的傳播也更加快速。茲卡病毒之所以可怕，在於它不只可能導致患者神經系統或免疫系統的異常，許多研究顯示婦女在懷孕期間，特別是第一孕期，也就是懷孕前三個月感染茲卡病毒，可能生出小頭畸形的新生兒。當小頭畸形同時伴有腦發育不良，則可能導致新生兒的發育障礙。
常見的併發症
根據許多研究顯示格林-巴利症候群(Guillain-Barre syndrome)和茲卡病毒感染具有高度相關性，特別容易發生在男性以及年長的感染者，症狀為漸進式對稱性肌肉無力，通常會從下肢開始，合併肌腱反射下降或消失，有時會出現呼吸肌無力或顏面神經麻痺的症狀。
如何避免感染？
要避免茲卡病毒傳播有以下幾種方式：藉由環境維護避免蚊蟲孳生；如果疑似為茲卡病毒感染者，或者曾經到過疫區者，應避免無保護的性行為，特別是與育齡期的女性或是已懷孕的婦女，因為該病毒可藉由性交傳播；輸血或骨髓移植等醫療行為也應特別注意。
萬一被感染了怎麼辦？
目前並沒有針對茲卡病毒感染的治療方式，現今治療方針包含：鼓勵患者多休息、補充液體避免脫水和服用解熱鎮痛劑緩解發燒疼痛。
值得注意的是，在登革熱的可能性被排除前，阿斯匹林和其他非類固醇抗發炎藥物必須避免服用，以減少出血的風險，特別是兒童更不應該使用阿斯匹林，以避免急性肝腦病變導致雷氏症候群的發生。
茲卡病毒vs登革熱
茲卡病毒常與登革熱放在一起比較，原因在於登革熱和茲卡病毒感染都是由斑蚊傳播，只要周遭有適合病媒蚊生長的環境，那怕只是一個廢推輪胎、空盆栽或者鐵鋁罐，都有可能成為疾病的溫床，因此結合鄰里的力量避免積水的產生，是防治這兩種疾病的重要手段。
在症狀方面，登革熱和茲卡病毒感染常見的症狀是發燒、關節疼痛、頭痛、後眼窩痛、肌肉痛、食慾不振、腹痛及噁心等，兩者症狀相似，但登革熱的發燒溫度較高，而茲卡病毒感染則偏向低燒，症狀表現較輕微，結膜炎的出現則是另一個重要的特徵，這一點在登革熱患者身上很少見。如果要進行確診，還是需要醫生透過抽血來檢驗。
Zika virus, which may cause neonatal cerebellar disease, spread in Central and South America and the Caribbean in 2016, when the Rio Olympics opened soon, it was invisible to the naked eye, and could not even be called the biological Zika virus. Hey.
The danger of Zika virus
With the development of technology and transportation, the world has become a global village, but while bringing convenience to people, the spread of disease is also faster. The reason why Zika virus is terrible is that it can not only cause abnormalities in the patient's nervous system or immune system. Many studies have shown that women may be infected with Zika virus during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, which is the first trimester of pregnancy. Head deformed newborn. When a microcephaly is accompanied by brain dysplasia, it may lead to developmental disorders in the newborn.
Common complications
According to many studies, Guillain-Barre syndrome and Zika virus infection are highly correlated, especially in men and older infected people. Symptoms are progressive symmetry muscle weakness, usually from the lower extremities At the beginning, the combined tendon reflex declines or disappears, and sometimes symptoms of respiratory muscle weakness or facial nerve paralysis occur.
How to avoid infection?
There are several ways to avoid the spread of Zika virus: to avoid mosquito breeding by environmental maintenance; if it is suspected to be infected with Zika virus, or if you have been to an infected area, you should avoid unprotected sex, especially with the childbearing age. Women or pregnant women, because the virus can be transmitted by sexual intercourse; medical activities such as blood transfusion or bone marrow transplantation should also pay special attention.
What if I am infected?
There is currently no treatment for Zika virus infection. Today's treatment guidelines include: encouraging patients to rest more, replenishing fluids to avoid dehydration, and taking antipyretic analgesics to relieve fever pain.
It is worth noting that aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs must be avoided before the possibility of dengue is ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding, especially for children who should not use aspirin to avoid acute Hepatic brain disease leads to the occurrence of Ray's syndrome.
Zika virus vs dengue fever
Zika virus is often compared with dengue fever because dengue fever and Zika virus infection are transmitted by mosquitoes. As long as there is an environment suitable for the growth of vector mosquitoes, it is just a waste tire, empty pot or iron aluminum can. It is possible to become a hotbed of disease, so combining the strength of the neighborhood to avoid the accumulation of water is an important means of preventing and treating these two diseases.
Symptoms, common symptoms of dengue and Zika virus infection are fever, joint pain, headache, posterior orbital pain, muscle pain, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and nausea. The symptoms are similar, but dengue fever has a higher fever temperature. Zika virus infection is biased towards low-grade fever, and the symptoms are mild. The appearance of conjunctivitis is another important feature, which is rare in patients with dengue fever. If you want to make a diagnosis, you still need a doctor to test by blood.
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